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Benefits Complete OSRS Flipping Guide - Old School Runescape *This guide is meant to mirror our video guides on YouTube (channel: Ge Tracker) and is subject to updates.* This guide is going to undergo heavy edits in the near future Upcoming Additions: Ge Tracker guide series Forum featured videos If you're into PVM, be sure to check out our PVM Team thread to group up with others (low requirements) Table of Contents About Me What is merchanting i. Beginners get cannibalized The Grand Exchange i. First scenario ii. Second scenario iii. Third scenario iv. A volatile market Buy-Sell margins i. What are margins? ii. High volume iii. Average volume iv. Low volume The Different Types of Merchants i. Beginners ii. Average merchants iii. Masterminds Game updates & Valuations i. No item sinks ii. New items iii. Example: Dragon warhammer iv. Example: Dragon claws v. New uses for old items vi. Timing investments Flip finder tools i. Filters ii. Table overview iii. Selecting an item a. ROIs b. Trading volume iv. Table conclusion Charts i. Linear ii. Logarithmic iii. Long term moving average iv. Candlesticks v. Bubbles About me Hey all. I go by many names, BenefitsOfaG, BenefitsOfaCow, Benefits, or if you know me in-game, awildcow. I’ve been playing Runescape for as long as I can remember, which was around 2001-2002. Back then; no one truly knew what he or she was doing – except a small minority. I was immediately hooked by the chaos of it all, and even though I was just a little kid, I was fascinated by how the market worked. However, it wasn’t until around 2004-2005 where I started to take merchanting seriously. Ever since that time, I’ve been obsessed and am always looking for ways to improve my practice overtime. Fast forward a few years, and I stumbled across Ge Tracker, by far the best merchanting tool I’ve ever been introduced too. However, that’s not the point of this guide. I’m going to go over basically anything and everything that can be talked about in the merchanting world right here. If you want to take yourself seriously as a merchant, this would be the guide for it – as I share my experience and knowledge with you. Keep in mind though, this guide will mirror our YouTube videos (channel: Ge Tracker), and is subject to updates and edits. What is merchanting The literal definition is “the act of selling commodities”, but in Runescape it’s much more. Merchanting or flipping (as some might refer to it) is the act of purchasing any item in hopes of selling it back to the market for a higher price then what they’ve invested in it. Sounds easy enough right? Well… that’s the first problem with many new comers. They have this preconceived notion that you can just walk right into the market with zero preparations and suddenly make a profit on any given item. i. Beginners get cannibalized “I’ll buy an item lower than what the Grand exchange is showing, and then sell it back at or above the listed price.” Wrong! If you come into the market with that sort of mentality, you’ve already forked over your hard earned money to those putting in the work. Runescape is nothing like the real world financial market, but TREAT IT AS SUCH. There’s no successful stocks trader in the world whose made millions of dollars time in and time out by simply “winging” it. There’s a level of dedication to their practice and this comes with strategy and patience. Sure, you might flip a few items here and there by shooting from the hip, but in the long run you’re just going to lose money and hand it over to everyone else whose putting in the work. The five factors you need to keep in mind are: practice due diligence patience research relentlessness III. The Grand Exchange As a merchant you need have to have the fundamentals on point, so you can continuously and meticulously approach the market in the most efficient manner. Lets start with how the grand exchange works. This should go without saying, but the grand exchange acts as a middle ground for buyers and sellers that come together to exchange items for gold and vice versa. You’re literally trading an item/gold with another player - not an NPC. i. First Scenario Lets say there are 2 buyers and 2 sellers in the game who want to buy and sell an Elysian spirit shield at the same time. Sellers place their offers at: 700m – Seller A 680m – Seller B Buyers place their offers at: 670m – Buyer A 650m – Buyer B Since the Grand Exchange can’t match any of the offers, nothing will happen. 700m – Seller A 680m – Seller B <- Matched 670m – Buyer A 650m – Buyer B 720m – Buyer C <- Completed If a new buyer comes in and places their offer at 720m. They’ll receive the best possible offer, which would be seller B at 680m. In which the new buyer would have 40m returned to him/her. ii. Second scenario What happens when two buyers place an offer at the same price point? The Grand Exchange will place priority towards the oldest buy offer. 700m – Seller A 690m – Seller B 670m – Buyer A 670m – Buyer B In the above scenario, nothing will happen, since no offers have been matched. 700m – Seller A 690m – Seller B 670m – Seller C <- Completed 670m – Buyer A <- Completed 670m – Buyer B Once a third seller comes into the scene and an offer is matched, Buyer A will receive their Elysian spirit shield over Buyer B. If the offers were placed at the exact same time for the same offer (highly unlikely), then it would choose one of the buyers at random. iii. Third Scenario 700m – Seller A 680m – Seller B 650m – Buyer A 620m – Buyer B What do you think would happen if a third seller came into the scene and wanted to instantly sell their Elysian? The GE is going to want to match that seller with the best possible offer. 700m – Seller A 680m – Seller B 600m - Seller C <- Completed 650m – Buyer A <- Matched 620m – Buyer B This means that the GE will match seller Cs offer with the highest buy offer at the time – so long as the offers match. This is because the sell offer is the newest placed offer in the GE and will thus try to match them with the best possible offer. Meaning Seller C who placed their offer at 600m, will actually receive an additional 50m. iv. A volatile marketplace I once heard a user in our discord chat say “How hard can flipping be really? It’s just a linear market”. This far from the truth, just look at this graph: Broodoo shield Does this look like a graph that shows a linear behavior? Sure, you could say, that’s just one example, an extreme one at that. Okay, how about this one? Saradomin's light The point being, the market is dynamic and always changes based upon the demand and supply of the players that occupy it – whether or not they’re a merchant. Everyone plays a role even if they don’t realize it, and this is one fundamental aspect you need to grasp, because it plays closely with predicating price changes. One day you could be heavily investing in an item, and then all of a sudden, the item losses over 50% of its value you had invested in it. What went wrong? You need to ask yourself, has the item hit its historic low? If so, has a recent update/Q&A affected the item? Is the item hitting its historic high? Is the item stable or has the recent update made it more useful? These are all questions you should be asking yourself, which the veterans are already doing without a second thought. Need a visual? Refer to the flowchart below. The above diagram is only meant to be a basic concept of how to approach any item. This is by no means a definitive answer for all investments, but should rather be looked at as a guideline for all new comers to the scene. As you progress, you’ll want to improve upon your methods; time and time again. IV. Buy – Sell Margins You’ll often hear margin checks being thrown around quite a bit in the merchanting world. It’s a common practice, but is not by any means a sustainable practice at all levels of any price point – for several reasons. First, lets go over the basics of margins. i. The basics Simply put, the margin is the price difference between the highest sell offer and the lowest buy offer. 700m – Seller A 695m – Seller A 690m – Buyer A 685m – Buyer B (700m (Seller A) – 685m (Buyer B)) = 15m gp margin In the above scenario the margin is 15m. You might hear some users talk about checking margins, but would you really check margins on an item that has a 15m difference in price? Absolutely not! The above image (sorry Merched for using you as an example) is a prime sample as to why you can’t check margins just on any item. At this point, there’s an incredibly thin chance this user will be able to flip for those margins and make their money back. These sorts of margins are short lived and more often then not, are one off cases. I can’t say specifically at which point you would want to stop checking margins in-game, but the two photos below should help provide a guideline. Item A (see image below) is traded so frequently that the community as a whole has a strong hold on its price point. Where as Item B (see image below) has little traded at any given point time, making it more susceptible to price change. This of course ignores the idea of hypes, panics, item usefulness and game updates. Item A Item B ii. High Volume High volume items include things such as runes, logs, food, potions, ore and bars. I would classify these as the safest to check margins. The margins are so thin, that even if you refer to our charts, you’ll want to check the margins in game regardless. Prices are always changing and with the margins being so thin, you’ll want to know where they stand when you’re looking to flip them. Examples: Coal Gold bar Lobster Astral rune *Examples are not given as what to flip, but rather real visuals for you to review iii. Average Volume This is where the gray area comes into to play. You have situations where you could check margins, but personally I stop at this point. Referring to the example above with zenyte rings, even though it’s a popular item, I can be completely turned upside for my hard earned gp in a split second. Check margins at this point at your own risk, but I would strongly advise reviewing the graphs to gain a clearer picture. Examples: Abyssal Whip Ranger boots Dharok’s platebody iv. Low Volume The less an item is being traded, the less control the overall community holds over them - sacrificing the power/control to more experienced merchants. Unless you’re comfortable with losses or holding onto items for hours or days on end, then you’ll want to avoid this category. However, this is not exclusive for all low volume traded items. You may on occasion find items that are pretty cheap, have a low volume and provides essentially no one any form of control. The key to a merchant using low volume items to their success is how much of a demand and use that particular item has. If an item has no use whatsoever, then you’re more than likely going to lose money, or have to wait a long time before you can sell it back. Examples: Hunter's potion Slayer's respite Dragon bitter If you’re looking around on Ge Tracker, these will almost always be shown with question marks, indicating that their trade volume is so low that their true value isn’t really known – and should be avoided. The exceptions to this of course are rare and new items to the game, such as the twisted bow. However, the key difference is that the twisted bow (https://www.ge-tracker.com/item/twisted-bow) has a demand and use, and so overtime its value becomes stabilized and its price point becomes well known. Even so, items such as 3rd age sets are valuable because of their rarity. Their trade volume is low, but merchants can certainly make a profit from them. Examples include: 3rd age axe 3rd age pickaxe Elysian spirit shield Dextrous prayer scroll Arcane prayer scroll V. The different types of merchants If you’ve made it this far then obviously you want to advance yourself as a more skillful merchant and provide yourself an edge over others. This is key to being one of the most successful investors in game. Think for yourself Be critical Don't accept mass movements as set and stone facts Always analyze price trends Consistently keep up to date with developer blogs, runescape Q&A streams and updates Keep notes of anything you find valuable for short and long term market impacts Understand what other players are thinking and why Learn how to value new items Remain aware of your emotions and don't let them impact your decision making These are just a few things you should be continuously working on as you develop your methods on flipping. There are of course, varying levels of skillful merchants who exercise these better than others. I’ll categorize them as: beginners, average and masterminds. These categories aren’t meant to target anyone specifically or place him or her into a specific group. Any player can share traits from beginners to masterminds and anything in between. This is meant to help you the reader, visualize how the market is setup and how you should view yourself to further advance your practices. i. Beginners: Profits or losses vary First you have players who are just getting their feet wet. These players have virtually no experience flipping and are most likely to quit. This plays a bit into psychology. A beginner is more susceptible to quit if they try flipping and it doesn’t live up to their expectations, or worse, they fail all together to make a profit. This negative experience will keep them from merching, as they couldn’t get off the ground running. Where as if a merchant was successful on their first day and exceeded their expectations, they’re more likely to stick to this form of money making - despite any potential losses in the future. In the future if they start losing money, they can relive their first day, remembering how at one point in time they were earning the type of money they had expected to make, and at the time of their loss, they believe they’ve done something wrong. A positive or negative first experience can almost always make or break a new player, but here are some of the more common traits these players hold: Uncreative Ask around which items are worth flipping Mimic others in attempts to replicate their success “This is fucking bullshit. I can’t make any money” “Flipping makes no money” “What the fuck is that item?” – Unaware of updates Furthermore, they might try and replicate a merchant they saw on YouTube by copying their flips almost precisely, having no creative sense of mind or simply want to have their profits handed to them on a silver platter. ii. Average Merchants: Profited 1m-500m The average merchant makes up the largest slice of the pie in the investing world. The skill set in this group widely varies and few ever make it to the mastermind category. Common traits: May or may not focus on Stream Q&A’s, updates, dev blogs May or may not keep tabs on valuable information Flip common items: barrows, pvm drops, etc Allow their emotions to dictate their decisions Are part of the mass movement – Unable to predict any price movements (short or long term) Are not long term planners, and think short term I’ll classify this group as the herd, as they move as one and react to the emotions of each other more so than that of masterminds. This category is single handedly responsible for skyrockets in value and crashes. This doesn’t mean other players aren’t included in hypes and panics, but these are some of the first to take part of that mass movement. Unlike their mastermind counterparts, they may watch streams, read blogs and updates, but don’t give too much of a second thought about how they can plan for the future - and how those three sources can impact the economy. This category is generally also uncreative and will stick to the same few items, keeping their risks at a minimum – but, they’re more tolerant of losses. So, unlike the beginners category, this group is ready to bounce right back up after any losses they might face. iii. Masterminds: Profited 500m-2bil+ The elite of all merchants out there in the game. Again though, you could be an average merchant and still share some of these qualities. These merchants however, are by far the most comfortable with risk. Losses are not foreign to them and accept them as part of the process. Excelling in every possible category is something they strive for and meticulously work on improving upon. Common Traits: Long term planners Read every blog, update and watch every Q&A stream Keep tabs and notes on virtually anything they may find useful Excessively patient Comfortable with big risks Excellent at diversifying their investments Comfortable with flipping the most valued items in game Not always, but can be market manipulators (give merchants a bad name) Masterminds are exceptionally patient and can hold onto investments for months on end without feeling phased. They’re most likely to flip new items released into the game, taking on the biggest risks, trying to churn incredible ROIs that only happen every now and then. They could hold onto notes and information for months, anticipating the day that the developers will enact the change they once stated in the past. Once they do resurrect the idea, they’ll be prepared with their massive hoards of items, selling them off to the mass public that waits for the moderators’ confirmation to start investing in those items as well. There’s only one party who benefits from this, and that’s the early investors. If you ride the wave just like everyone else, you’re quite literally handing your money over to this category that have literally been waiting for this moment. Even worse, you risk the possibility of making little to money, or even losing money all together. Case in point; make all attempts to escape the hive mindset. Think for yourself, remain patient, keep tabs on everything and diligently work on improving your methods – remaining content allows others to soar past you. VI. Game updates & Valuations If you refer back to “IV. The Grand Exchange”, you’ll learn that at any point in time, margins can change - ignore this at your own expense. Game updates, Developer Blogs and Q&As are some of the biggest influencers when it comes to radically changing the price movement of any item. Masterminds anticipate this as discussed in V. The Different Types of Merchants. They fully understand updates change the value of different items. It’s simple… think about it. If corporeal beast was never added to the game, what’s the best in slot shield? For melee, that’s the dragonfire shield. Lets remove bots away from this discussion entirely. If the dragonfire shield is the best in slot shield, then wouldn’t a good amount of players kill NPCs that drop the draconic visage? On top of this, wouldn’t there be a high demand for such shield? This dictates the value of such shield, but lets not ignore the fact that in Old School Runescape, there’s no item sink. Zero. i. No item sinks No item sink means that if the user base doesn’t grow, then eventually the price of such shield will decline overtime. Fewer users will be seeking the item overtime (decrease of demand), and if users continue camping the NPCs that drop them – the continued supply will only increase the rate of devaluation. This is playing particularly true with the Armadyl godsword. This particular godsword is used for pvp related activities, and it’s a niche way of playing the game. There aren’t massive amounts of players continuously joining pking community, and there aren’t any less users killing Kree’ara for his drops (which includes the AGS). This has resulted in the AGS losing its value in the long run and flipping such item poses a level of risk. Knowing full well that the item is going down in price – not up. The introduction of new items certainly doesn’t help the godswords value either. ii. New items Easily the most volatile time the marketplace can be, depending upon how much of an impact those items have on others. For example, once corporeal beast is released into the game; along with the elysian spirit shield. The dragonfire shield is no longer the strongest shield in-game, that title goes to the elysian. But of course, with most new best in slot items introduced, their value is going to be out of reach to the majority of players. Surely this would prevent the dragonfire shield from crashing? No. Wealthy/impatient players are going to sell off their dragonfire shield in exchange for the new item. This item dump is going to skew the buy/sell ratio negatively, decreasing its overall demand. What about the item itself? No one knows with 100% certainty where an item is going to be valued in the long run, but that doesn’t mean you can’t try and capitalize on it’s volatile start to the game. New items are notorious for being the most profitable flips in game, because the buyers and sellers are going to be placing offers all over the place. Refer back to IV. The Grand Exchange if you need a refresher. iii. Example: Dragon warhammer Prior to the release of the dragon warhammer, a good portion of the community believed it would be the new AGS. Both only use 50% of the special attack, and both have some form of damage buff. Let’s compare the two: The Armadyl godsword has a special attack, The Judgment, which deals damage with a 37.5% (125% multiplied by the hidden 110% every godsword possesses, the calculation uses integer values after the multiplication of 1.1 the value gets rounded down and then multiplied by 1.25) higher maximum hit than a normal attack, using 50% of the special attack bar. The Dragon warhammer special attack costs 50% special attack energy and deals 50% additional damage, which will lower the target's current defense level by 30% on a successful hit. Defense level reductions do stack over multiple successful hits; each reduction is calculated from the current temporary level (so follow-up drains reduce fewer levels). Naturally, one would think the dragon warhammer would be an alternative to the AGS, but soon after it was released – it turned out to be quite the opposite. Players tried pking with them on streams and making YouTube videos, but nearly everyone was disappointed - as it didn’t live up to their expectations. Within a matter of a week, the dragon warhammer had gone from ~70m to ~40m. It wasn’t looking good. However, players started to quickly realize that the DWH was most efficient for killing corporeal beast - an NPC that drops one of the most valuable items in game – the Elysian spirit shield. This new use made it the best weapon of choice, thus increasing its demand heavily – resulting in a heavy increase in value. As a merchant you need to think for yourself and not follow what everyone else is saying. If an item appears to drop in value quite rapidly upon release, does that item have any significant value in use anywhere the rest of the community isn’t looking? If so, this could be a prime opportunity for you to make an investment, hoping to make a good profit shortly thereafter. iv. Example: Dragon claws Dragon claws have been an iconic symbol of Runescape for years. Ever since Old School Runescape was released, it has been widely debated whether or not claws should be released into the game. Prior to EOC, dragon claws were deadly and could easily KO anyone. This memory sat with many players, and this hype over its introduction into Old School would keep its value rather high. However, the moderators of the game have stated when they did release claws, it wouldn’t be as powerful as when it was first introduced. On top of this, Old School doesn’t have ancient curses (pvp based prayers). The reduction in stats and lack of ancient curses means dragon claws weren’t going to live up the expectations as everyone had anticipated. This was easily predicted if you spent any time with them in tournament worlds. For a while, they’ve maintained their value on release anywhere from 300-500m, but have quickly dropped down to the 100-200m range. The point of these two examples is to provide real situational insight into how the community once thought about these new items and how they were viewed sometime after with them in game. You can either invest heavily, assuming the price is undervalued, or remain cautionary, believing the price to be overvalued. v. New uses for old items On top of predicting the value of new items, you should of course try and make predictions as to what sort of items are going to be useful for killing new bosses. A fresh and prime example of this would be raids – a much-anticipated update. Players could assume that with an update that were to resemble dungeoneering, that one would need to take in all three combat styles – which has played true. The true question then becomes, “which items are most valuable?” because with new items being high in demand, so will be the items that are most efficient in killing the bosses. In Old School Runescape, the community favors higher damage per second items over anything else. Lets look at the final boss as an example (the great olm). He in a way resembles what appears to be how you would kill zulrah. Only his hands would be available to melee attacks, leaving range and magic to be the next choice. If magic were favorable, then the arcane spirit shield would surely increase both in value and demand? Well, it sure has. Look at the arcane spirit shields graph from before and after the release of raids (chambers of xeric): vi. Timing investments If you’re going to try and make a prediction on an items future value, you’ll want to make sure you do before the mass movement has already occurred. For example, before November 2016 came around, there was a reddit post that was both highly up voted and praised by the Mods as something of a valuable update. When both the community strongly backs up an item update, as well as the JMods strongly supporting the idea, this is when you’ll want to start investing in such item. However, once the developer blog comes around, it’s already too late, as the item will have sky rocketed by the mass buying of players – which is where you want to come in and be their supplier. Also, never try investing in an item a few days before the update comes. 99.99% of the time, you will lose money. The majority of players will wait till the day of release to dump all their items, and you’ll be sitting there with lost profits – don’t do this. VII. Flip finder tools “What items are good to flip right now?”…. If I had a dollar for every time I saw someone ask this question, I’d be a billionaire. I hate to throw anyone under the bus, but this falls under the beginner category. A good merchant will take into consideration everything that has been talked about up until this point. Which means, you’d know researching and digging around would be your best bet. For this, I’m going to talk about our flip finder tool, which does an excellent job of tailoring to every level of merchant out there: Beginners – Average - Masterminds High volume items Suggest Items GE Limits Average - Masterminds Highest Margins New Items i. Filters When viewing any of the tools you’ll be presented with a table highlighting a variety of items. If you’re premium you’ll have the option to play around with the filter settings (see image below) to zone in on the type of items you want to flip, as well as being able to refresh the table as many times as you’d like. You can keep these as default (advised if you’re new to our tool), but if you do decide to change any values, the tool won’t accept blank values as a valid input. Once you’ve decided, simply press save filters and you’ll be presented with a list of items (see gif below). ii. Table overview You’ll notice by looking at this image, you’ll see the data separated into different columns: current price, approximate offer price, approx. price, approx. profit, buying quantity (per hour), selling quantity (per hour), buy/sell ratio, GE limit, buying price and est. profit – See IV. The Grand Exchange to fully understand why these values are separate from one another. Current Price: Average price item is being bought or sold for Approx. Offer Price: Approximate price buyers are placing their offers Approx. Sell Price: Approximate price sellers are placing their offers Buying Quantity: Amount being placed in the GE for sale Selling Quantity: Amount being sold in the GE Buy/Sell Ratio: Exactly this, (x bought per hour/x sold per hour) GE Limit: Amount that can be bought within the 4 hour cap – all unknown values have an infinity sign (does not mean infinity though) Buying Price: Live trading price Est. Profit: Live estimated profit You can filter any one of the columns to showing values highest to lowest and vice versa. iii. Selecting an item Naturally a new user would think, “Well.. shouldn’t I just show the highest profit? Why would I look at anything else?”. This mentality ignores everything said in this guide so far. Prices change all the time, and some items showing the highest profit should be avoided. Lets look at example: The first item is showing two values highlighted in pink with question marks. This means the item is traded so little, that the real value is questionable and to proceed with caution. The second item doesn’t, but if we look at the ROI% we can see the value is ridiculously high – which should be a red flag. a. ROIs Keep in mind though, ROIs are only one factor to look at and it’s highly dependent upon which item you’re looking at. For example, low valued cosmetics will have an ROI% anywhere between 0-99%. Where as high valued in demand items will have an ROI% anywhere between 0-30% (usually). If you’re comfortable flipping low valued cosmetics, keep in mind trying to hit a 50% ROI will require you to sit on that item for prolonged periods of time. Where as trying to flip a high valued item with a low ROI% will mean a quicker transaction (usually). One thing to look at would the actual trading volume, which will give you a better idea of how long or difficult is to flip. b. Trading volume The above two images would indicate to me (obviously), that there’s not many buying or selling this particular item – meaning a slower transaction. Taking in other factors, this may be an average length investment - where you might hold onto it for a couple of days. The above two images shows quite the opposite. This particular item is showing a much higher circulation of such item, and would mean acquiring this would be quicker. Both have their pros and cons. Low Volume Pros: Gives you more control over the price – big margins Cons: Harder to acquire and harder to sell back – risky flip High Volume Pros: Easy to acquire and easy to sell back – safe flips Cons: Overall community has control over price – thin margins iv. Table conclusion Once you’ve found an item to play favorable to your merchanting style, you could always add it to your list of favorites by clicking the star on the far right (can also be found on that specific items page). Keep in mind though, the table is meant to act like a quick glance shopping list – not definitive margins. You’ll always want to review the graphs themselves to gain a clearer picture of how the item is fairing in the market. VIII. Charts By default your charts will be set to logarithmic (highly requested by many), but you can of course change what is shown to you by clicking “Options”. If you’ve noticed in the first image, you’ll find some labels spread across the chart. These are all developer blogs and updates submitted to the OSRS page, so you can see how updates have affected the value of any item. This can be disabled if it’s too much of a clutter for you (see GIF above). Even more useful, you can click on any of the labels and it will take you to that specific blogs posting (see gif posted below). i. Linear Chart The linear chart was previously our default chart and is best used to spot any radical changes. It’s not efficient to use for everyday flips, but rather to understand how much hypes or panics are influencing an item. ii. Logarithmic Chart Our logarithmic chart is now the best overall chart to use, in order to determine long-term price movements as well as figuring out margins. If we look at the chart below, we can see on a daily timeframe the buy (blue line) and sell (red line) differences. The price point can change quite radically at any given point in time during the day. This is why you should only view the table as a shopping list, and view the charts as real data to base your flips. In order to base your margins, you’ll want to look at the varying differences between the red and blue lines – but you’ll also want to look at all timeframes. If the item is hitting its historic peak and there were no updates in game that would’ve made such item more valuable, then you’re possibly looking at a bubble. iii. Bubbles Bubbles are single handedly the most dangerous times to invest in any item. Essentially, this is when an item has reached a point in value that cannot be sustained and is likely to crash soon (see image below for an example). If you ever see an item that is hitting its historic high point, then this could be an indication of a bubble and should be avoided at all costs. Of course you’ll want to take into consideration other factors, such as whether or not an update has increased that items value. iv. Long term moving average If you’ve looked closely on any of the line charts, you should see this faint blue line hiding in the background. This is the long term moving average, which essentially shows in the long run, where that item is trending – whether that’s an upward or downward fashion. Upward trend Downward trend You can use these long-term averages to help you make predictions about where the item may be headed in the future. Of course, you don’t want to rely solely on this, as you’ll want to look at everything available to you. Another useful tool we have to help make predictions would be our candlestick chart. v. Candlestick Charts Candlestick charts can be a bit intimidating to the new viewer, but once you understand them, it’s pretty straight forward and easy to comprehend. However, please keep in mind that the candlesticks are still very much in beta and do not work with all types of items or all timeframes. If you find something along the lines like the following, then simply revert to the line charts. Unusable candlestick chart Now lets look at what each of the data points mean. First, you have your hollow bodies, which indicate a downward movement and your solid bodies, which indicate an upward movement. High - highest offer Market open – where offers are being placed Body – where all the trades have been completed between buyers and sellers Close – where offers are being completed Low – lowest offer High – highest offer Close – where offers are being completed Open – where offers are being placed Low – lowest offer So with the two different type of candlesticks, we can tell whether an item is being bought for higher then what the market is offering, or lower then what sellers are trying to get back from their item. Keep in mind, a collection of solid bodies or hollow bodies could help indicate where that item is moving, but only collectively. An item can certainly experience a short dip but continue in an upward fashion. Also, the length of the wicks and bodies themselves help determine how quickly an item will move up or down in value. Collective solid bodies - showing an upward movement Collective hollow bodies - showing a downward movement The above two images can be labeled as bullish or bearish movements. This is often used in the real world market, but can also apply to individual items; "an item is acting bearish, or an item is acting bullish." Bull market – An upward movement in value Bear market – A downward movement in value It’s not necessarily important to know this, but if you wanted to remember these two scenarios. You can think of a bullish movement as, “a bull plowing its way to its destination (forcing its way up).” Where a bearish movement is, “a bear slashing prices away, bringing the value down.” IX. Conclusion Merchanting isn’t an easy practice by any means. It requires dedication, practice and patience to become truly good at it. Don’t get discouraged by any losses you face. Whatever form of flipping you plan on doing, don’t invest your whole bank into it, because if you do experience a heavy loss, you’ll still have value in your bank that won’t be affected. Don’t sit at the grand exchange all day waiting for items to flip. Do other activities in game while your items are being bought or sold. Let your money work for you and make money elsewhere as well. Sometimes I hear players say, “well zulrah makes more money per hour then if I were to sit at the GE.” That’s good, but that doesn’t mean you should just keep your money in your bank just wasting away. Put it to good use and allow it to continue growing your bank while you also enjoy the game. Goodluck merching guys and thank you for reading

Wow! And that is a good guide! You did really great job dude. I hope that method will help me make money on OSRS

No problem. I'm going to take a look at the graphs on mobile browser after the app is released to ensure users not using the app still have a great experience - but the app is currently our priority. Let me know what you think!

Hello @tysontorture As Zips and Duck have both described already, all pricing and trading information shown are derived and pulled directly from OSBuddy. If a user on our site records in their profit tracker, that they bought an abyssal whip for 1m and sold it for 20m, this by no means would be shown anywhere on the site, as this would make our tool completely redundant. We simply take OSBuddys API, and display it in a user friendly manner. However, seeing as you are having some troubles merchanting, and want to point the fingers at others for not taking precaution on items you're targeting. I wanted to provide a little guidance and advice on how you should be viewing any item. For starters, we do have a variety of YouTube guides on how to read our graphs and how to go about item selection: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu1BLPhQcOV137Vxvk5jrtA Alternatively, we also have a variety of video guides from other YouTubers here: https://www.ge-tracker.com/guides If videos aren't your thing, and you'd much prefer to read, I've also created an extensive merchanting guide on just about anything and everything that can be covered in regards to the absolute fundamentals to flipping and item selection here: Now that we've gotten that out of the way. Lets look over the two items you've described as having troubles with. Lets start with the saradomin godsword ornament kit, since that one is pretty straight forward. Saradomin Godsword Ornament kit Okay, so what do we know when we check out this item on it's item page? From the above image, immediately we can see an orange box, warning us that this item more then likely has an outdated price, due to the fact that was last traded over an hour ago. We can see this once more when we look at the buying and selling quantity values, where they're both shown with a value of 0; and current price at 0. This doesn't mean this item A.) Has no price, and B.) isn't traded at all. It means that within the past 60 minutes (item overview covers past 60 minutes), there hasn't been a single trade in the game within the OSBuddy client. If those three values and orange box weren't enough, we can see the values highlighted in purple with a question mark. Which is a further warning that this item is traded very little, and it's price may be erratic and all over the place. Now lets look at the graph for this item: Welp. We can see that in a days timeframe, this item is all over the place in price. Even more so, if we look at the bottom half, we can see the amount traded is almost non-existent. What does this mean for the merchant? It means that you'll be competing with other merchants who are also holding this item and trying to flip it for a profit. This generally involves a queue process where the less patient ones who want to minimize their profit margins, or give up all together, will sell this item back for no profit or a loss, giving the buyer the best deal possible. For the more patient and experienced merchant looking at this item. They already know this probably won't flip for them within the same hour, and possibly not even the same day. If they're looking to flip 4 of these for 300k margins, they may keep them in the GE for a prolonged period of time while they do other activities in the game or even walk away. Treasure trail items by nature, can be quite profitable for passive flipping. However... it is not recommended to be taken on my new and lesser experienced merchants, or even players who simply don't have the patience for an item that just isn't traded all that often. ------- Okay. Now lets take a look at the Blowpipe. Toxic Blowpipe (empty): Okay, right off the bat, we can see there are no glaring warning signs like the orange box, or highlighted purple text. However, looking at the buying and selling quantity, I can tell that this item at this current point in time, is being heavily bought and sold, MUCH more than the Saradomin godsword ornament kit. Which, if I wanted to make a quick flip and not hold onto an item. This would be the type of numbers I would be looking for. There's a consistent flow of sellers, and a consistent need for them to be purchased. Keep in mind, that this item in particular has skyrocketed in value recently, and the number being traded may be a whole host of merchants wanting to flip it for its recent interest. Since April, this item was starting to rise in value, and at a steady but slow rate. It wasn't until recently, that this item has skyrocketed in value. Which is most assuredly, a big red flag. What do I mean by that? It means when an item rises this much in value, this quick, with nothing in the game to reinforce its value increase: i.e. - some new money making method or boss in game. Then this means it's price may be being pushed by a group of merchants or merchanting clans, which are most assuredly against Jagex rules. Right off the bat, I would not touch this item. 1.) There's no reason for it's price to skyrocket 2.) If there's no reason for the price increase, it's likely being pushed by a merchanting clan Avoid these types of items when you view a chart like this. ------ So to recap. Merchanting isn't something where you can just waddle into our site, randomly pick an item, and start attempting to buy and sell an item for what our overview is showing. You need to review it's historical pattern via the charts, and make sure there isn't some kind of change or update to the game that is having some kind of impact to it. Make sure you're reviewing it's trade volume, and whether or not you're comfortable holding onto that item for a prolonged period of time. If you're still having trouble merchanting, I highly recommend checking out the guides and links I've posted at the top of this post, and review and see what I may be teaching users, that you're currently not doing or missing all together. At this current point in time, I would also advise not holding onto any items. As it seems you may be a newcomer to flipping. So you probably would want practice reviewing the tables and graphs by flipping high volume items, like resources, food, potions, etc. Once you've become utterly comfortable with those, you could try your hand again at flipping whips, boots, blowpipes, staffs, etc. Anyways, I wish you the best of luck and we're always available on Discord if you need further guidance: https://www.ge-tracker.com/chat

Flipping with 1, 5 and 10M [Guide] [Difficulty: Newbie] *For the complete merchanting guide, visit: Benefits Complete OSRS Flipping Guide - Old School Runescape Table of Contents The Basics Difference between low volume & high volume items Low Volume Low Demand vs Low Volume High Demand The Basics If you're starting with anywhere between 1-10m, then perhaps this guide can help steer you in the right direction if you're new to the whole merchanting scene. Consumables (very safe - thin margins) Consumables are any item that is used repeatedly by any number of players in high numbers. This would include items such as: Food: lobsters, shark, saradomin brews Skillers/Pvmer loot: logs, ore, arrows, bars This category is most certainly the safest place for any merchant to start, but I wouldn't expect to be making anything crazy to that would you get you excited here. This is purely to get your feet wet in the water before you begin to expand to other areas. However, some merchants find consumables to be a favorite for short and long term flips alike. You'll want to check the margins in-game to see where the item stands since the margins are already so thin, but you'll want to refer to our graphs to make sure it's not crashing or potentially hitting a bubble. *For those who continue to flip these for the more long term (inactive flips), they'll keep an eye on a small pool of items and watch their price points over time. If they ever see an item hit a price point where they believe it's bound to rise again. They'll invest in that item over and over again every 4 hours and on as many accounts as they have. Once the price starts to rise to what they've predicted (doesn't always happen - the game changes over time too), they'll sell off their entire stock for a good sized profit. Example: Mystery Item Trades at: 90-120 yearly GE Limit: 20,000 Now: Trading at 93 Players prediction: Buys 70K worth at 95gp/each and another 50K at 98gp/each Two weeks later: Trading at 117gp/each Player sells: 120K worth at 115gp/each Total Investment: 6.65M + 4.9M = 11.55M Sold at: 13.8M Profit: 2.25M ROI: 19.4% PVP/PVM Gear Supplies This category can include some items mixed with the consumables category, but essentially what you'd be doing here is looking at any item that PVP/PVMers will use in their day to day activities. Examples: Abyssal whip Dragon Scimitar Heavy ballista Trident of the seas These items are relatively safe and you shouldn't face any heavy losses with items that have such a low price point. But that doesn't mean ignoring your instincts when the item skyrockets and you were late to the party. PVM Drop tables You can use any number of OSRS bosses to scroll through and flip. If you've seen my Zulrah video, then you'll see that I stocked up on the loot of up to 500 kills. The purpose wasn't to see how much money I could extract from the items but to see in general how much money Zulrah makes. As a merchant, you can take advantage of the impatient tendencies of PVMers wanting to sell their loot as quickly as possible and moving onto other things. Treasure Trail (the riskiest category on this list) This is hands down my favorite category. You have items that have a low trade volume and are questionable in every regard about their true value. This is the truest sense of, "the value of an item or commodity is that of which one is willing to pay for it." You can use the low trade and low demand as a means to create your own margins. But this is also the riskiest category to pursue, for all the above reasons. If there's a low demand for the treasure trail item you've just bought. You may be holding onto it for a couple of hours to a week. Sometimes, you might not make any money at all. Difference between low volume & high volume items Low Volume Low volume items aren't frequently traded and would experience a slower than usual time to take to complete. Like treasure trail items, their low trade volume allows room for merchants to create their own margins. High Volume High volume items are heavily dictated by the community as a whole. As a merchant, you have quite literally no say in which direction the price will move and you are at the service of what buyers are willing to pay. However, since they're consistently introduced into the game and there's seemingly an endless demand for them, this makes flipping them quick and easy. You won't be finding jaw dropping margins here, but you would find yourself in a more comfortable setting than anywhere else. Low volume low demand vs Low volume high demand Low volume low demand Like the above low volume category, this is dangerous to get involved with. You'll likely be talking about lower tiered clue scroll rewards: - Bobs shirt - Crier coat - Cat mask Low volume high demand Unlike the above category, these low traded items do still hold a high demand: - gilded platebody - gilded platelegs - robin hat *High volume high demand is just consumables **High volume low demand can be someone's collection, but not really something you'd flip

Premium users will have an additional chart plotted directly below the main price graph - this is to show the trade volume of an item without the need for scrolling down. The benefit to having the graph directly below allows you to see the change in trade volume as it is directly related to the price of an item. Bar Colours The colour of the bars is largely the same between the two [single + split] modes, however the logic differs slightly for split bars as you are looking at a finer grain of detail. Total Volume (single bars) Blue = increase in demand Orange = decrease in demand Buy Volume + Sell Volume (split bars) Blue (buy) = increase in buyers Orange (buy) = decrease in buyers Blue (sell) = decrease in sellers Orange (sell) = increase in sellers The highlighting of sell volume is the inverse of the buyers as this means that more merchants are dumping their items, and could greatly affect the price of the item. Example In the example below, we will look at Dragon Warhammer and when the annoucement was first made to remove the safespottable Shamans. When the update was posted, it was clear that the amount of DWHs entering the game would decline, thus increasing both demand and price. This can be seen in the total volume (single bars) graph below: The volume stayed at a consistent value until the announcement was posted. Directly after, a sharp increase in trade volume can be observed, consistent with a spike in the item price, which leads to the bars being highlighted blue. The following graph is identical to the graph above, with the exception of the split bars mode being enabled. This allows the split between the buyers/sellers in more detail.

Upon completing 300 hard clue scrolls, you're rewarded the uri transform emote - which personally is my favorite in game (excluding cape emotes). Prior to streaming the hard clue scrolls, I had already completed 99 by doing normal tasks in game, hence "201 hard clues". In order to reach the 300 milestone in the quickest fashion possible, I had to invest in magpie implings and I felt it would be interesting to keep tabs on just how much I might lose/profit overtime. In the end, I thoroughly enjoyed this clue scroll challenge :) and I was surprised with the end result.

In light of recent behavior in our Discord chat, we felt that it would be necessary to lay down some fundamental ground rules. We’ve initially been quite lenient on all topics discussed, but it’s beginning to reach an undesirable point. While we understand this isn’t favorable, we’re not by any means going to take harsh action towards anyone, unless an extreme and rare situation arises. We’re also not going to enforce any of these rules immediately, as it would take some time before they became well known and established. GT Discord Rules: Discussing any topic that is classified as against terms of service by Jagex, are strictly forbidden. - Including: RWTing, botting, account selling, sharing scripts (and AHK’s – even though this is a gray area) Harassing any users (including staff) for the purpose of being spiteful or a nuisance Failure to abide by these rules will result in the following: A polite warning in chat A polite reminder in chat and/or private message Reminder in chat/pm, and if ignored, a temporary mute for 12-24 hours Reminder in chat/pm, and if ignored, kicked from chat for 24 hours Reminder in chat/pm, and if ignored, muted for 48 hours Permanently banned